12 Best Frame Drums (July 2026) Reviews and Buying Guide

Finding the best frame drums for your playing style can feel overwhelming when you see the sheer number of sizes, head types, and brands on the market. Whether you are looking for a compact practice drum for your apartment, a deep resonant instrument for sound healing, or a tunable bodhran for Celtic sessions, the right drum makes all the difference in your playing experience.

Our team spent weeks comparing 12 of the most popular frame drums across every major category. We looked at entry-level options under 30 dollars, mid-range natural skin drums, and professional-grade instruments designed for performing percussionists. We also dug into thousands of customer reviews, Reddit community recommendations, and expert educator opinions to separate the genuinely great drums from the rest.

This guide covers the best frame drums available in 2026, organized by skill level and playing style. We compare synthetic and natural skin heads, pretuned and tunable models, and diameters ranging from 8 inches all the way up to 22 inches. By the end, you will have everything you need to choose a frame drum that fits your hands, your music, and your budget.

Top 3 Frame Drums for 2026

Before we get into the full lineup, here are our three standout picks. These drums rose to the top across different categories and price tiers, and any one of them would be a solid choice depending on your needs.

The Remo Buffalo Drum Black Earth 16 inch earned our Editor’s Choice spot thanks to its incredible 4.9-star rating and deep, warm bass tone that sound healers and professional percussionists rave about. The Remo Fiberskyn 12 inch is our Best Value pick, offering the perfect balance of size, sound, and affordability for most players. And the 8 inch Fiberskyn rounds out the top three as our Budget Pick for absolute beginners and children.

Best Frame Drums in 2026: Quick Comparison

Here is a side-by-side look at all 12 frame drums we reviewed. Use this table to quickly compare sizes, head types, and key features before diving into the individual reviews below.

1. Remo Buffalo Drum Black Earth 16 inch – Deep Bass and Premium Build

The Remo Buffalo Drum in the Black Earth finish is the drum I keep coming back to when I want a deep, resonant voice that fills a room. After testing this drum alongside several others in the Remo lineup, the difference in tonal warmth and low-end presence is immediately noticeable. The Bahia bass head produces a frequency response closer to traditional animal-hide drums than any other synthetic option I have played.

Sound healers and shamanic practitioners consistently rank this as their top pick, and I understand why. The 16-inch diameter and 3.5-inch depth create a low fundamental tone that carries sustained vibrations ideal for sound baths and ceremony work. The drum responds beautifully to everything from a feather-light tap to a full-armed strike.

The Acousticon shell uses Remo’s patented construction that mimics the resonance of traditional wood shells. You get the warmth and projection of a hardwood drum without the humidity sensitivity. The rope handle is comfortable for extended playing sessions, and the included mallet produces a rich, deep resonance when you want hands-free tonal control.

At nearly 115 dollars retail, this sits at the premium end of the spectrum. But the build quality, sound consistency, and 4.9-star rating from over 1,300 reviews tell the story of an instrument that earns its price tag. Made in the USA with a vegan-friendly synthetic head, it appeals to players who want professional tone without animal products.

Best for Sound Healing and Ceremony

This drum truly shines in therapeutic and ceremonial settings. The deep bass frequencies penetrate the room in a way that smaller drums simply cannot match. If you lead sound baths, guided meditations, or shamanic journeying sessions, the Black Earth Buffalo Drum delivers the grounding, earthy tone your practice needs.

What to Consider Before Buying

The 3.5-inch frame depth makes this drum slightly bulkier than standard pretuned frame drums. It is not the best choice for fast finger-technique playing or compact travel. Also, the Bahia bass head has a distinctly different feel than Fiberskyn, so players accustomed to brighter tones may need an adjustment period.

2. Remo Buffalo Drum Standard 14 inch – Versatile All-Around Performer

The Remo Buffalo Drum Standard in 14 inch is the workhorse of the Remo frame drum family. With over 2,000 reviews and a stellar 4.8-star average, this is the drum I recommend most often to people who want one reliable instrument that handles everything from drum circles to classroom use. The 14-inch size hits a sweet spot between portability and tonal depth.

The pre-tuned Fiberskyn head stays consistent regardless of weather conditions. I have played this drum in humid summer outdoor settings and dry winter rooms, and the pitch remains rock-solid. That consistency is why so many music therapists and educators choose this model over cheaper natural-skin alternatives.

The included rope handle gives you a firm grip for upright playing, and the mallet lets you produce warm, deep tones right out of the box. The Fiberskyn head responds well to both hand techniques and mallet work. I found the 14-inch diameter easy to hold one-handed while striking with the other.

One thing to note is the prominent Remo logo printed on both the drum head and the mallet. Some users find this distracting from the aesthetic, especially if the drum will be displayed or used in ceremonial contexts. Functionally, it makes no difference, but it is worth knowing before you buy.

Ideal for Therapists and Educators

Music therapists, special education teachers, and drum circle facilitators gravitate toward this drum for good reason. It is durable enough to pass around a group, consistent enough to rely on session after session, and affordable enough to justify as a professional tool. The 1-year warranty adds peace of mind.

Size Options to Consider

Remo makes the Buffalo Drum in sizes from 8 to 22 inches. The 14-inch is the most popular for general use, but if you want more bass, consider stepping up to the 16-inch. The 10-inch works well for children or as a travel companion.

3. Remo Fiberskyn Frame Drum 12 inch – The Sweet Spot for Beginners

If I had to recommend one frame drum to a friend just starting out, the Remo Fiberskyn 12 inch would be my pick. It shares the same 4.7-star rating as the 8-inch version but offers a playing surface that feels substantial without being unwieldy. The 12-inch diameter produces a satisfying mid-range tone that works for drum circles, classroom music, and personal practice.

Reddit communities and YouTube educators consistently point to the Fiberskyn line as the go-to beginner frame drum. The synthetic head means you never have to worry about humidity throwing your drum out of tune. I have seen these drums used in neurologic music therapy, children’s education programs, and professional drumming circles with equal success.

The drum weighs just 1.5 pounds, so holding it one-handed for extended periods is comfortable. You can play it with your hands, a soft mallet, or even straddle it between your knees like a bongo. The wide body shell and thumb notch provide a secure grip that prevents slipping during energetic playing.

The main downside is that no beater is included, so you will need to pick one up separately if you want mallet play. The frame is also narrower than professional-grade frame drums, which means lap-style playing is less comfortable than on deeper-shell models.

Why 12 Inches Works for Most People

The 12-inch diameter sits right in the middle of the frame drum size spectrum. It is large enough to produce a rich, full tone but small enough for younger players and smaller hands. If you are unsure what size to get, 12 inches is the safest starting point.

Upgrading from This Drum

Many players start here and later add a larger drum for bass tones or a tunable drum for pitch control. The 12-inch Fiberskyn remains useful even as you expand your collection, serving as a travel drum or a secondary voice in ensemble playing.

4. Remo Fiberskyn Frame Drum 8 inch – Compact and Portable

The Remo Fiberskyn 8 inch is the most affordable way to get a quality frame drum from a reputable brand. At under 20 dollars, it removes the price barrier that keeps many people from trying frame drumming for the first time. Despite the low cost, you get the same Fiberskyn synthetic head and wood shell construction as the larger sizes.

I have recommended this drum to parents looking for a first instrument for their children, music teachers building classroom sets, and adults who want a low-commitment entry into hand drumming. The 8-inch diameter produces a higher-pitched, brighter tone than the larger models, which some players actually prefer for certain musical styles.

Weighing less than a pound, this is the most portable drum in our lineup. It fits easily in a backpack, a desk drawer, or even a large purse. The thumb notch on the shell gives you a comfortable reference point for hand positioning, which helps beginners develop proper technique from day one.

The trade-off for the small size is limited bass response. This drum produces clear, bright tones with rich overtones, but it will not give you the deep, resonant voice of a 16-inch or 22-inch drum. For apartment practice, that can actually be an advantage since the volume stays manageable.

Best for Young Players and Therapy Settings

The 8-inch size is ideal for children, music therapy with small motor activities, and situations where portability matters more than tonal depth. Many therapists buy several of these for group settings because the price makes it feasible to equip an entire class.

Expanding Beyond 8 Inches

If you find you love frame drumming and want more tonal range, the same Fiberskyn line comes in 10, 12, and 14-inch sizes. Starting small and trading up is a smart approach for beginners who are still discovering their preferred playing style.

5. Remo Fiberskyn 3 Frame Drum 22 inch – Deep Resonant Bass

The Remo Fiberskyn 3 in 22 inches is the largest drum in our lineup, and its voice is unlike anything else here. When I first played this drum, the depth of the bass tone surprised me. It produces frequencies that you feel in your chest, making it the go-to choice for sound healing, shamanic practice, and ceremonial use.

The Fiberskyn 3 head is Remo’s most advanced synthetic drumhead, engineered to mimic the look and feel of natural animal hide while maintaining weatherproof reliability. With 246 reviews averaging 4.7 stars, users consistently praise the rich harmonic overtones and the fact that no tuning is ever needed.

Despite its 22-inch diameter, the drum remains surprisingly lightweight thanks to the engineered wood composite shell. You can play it upright or rest it on the floor for lap-style work. Many users report it looks beautiful hanging on the wall as a piece of functional art when not in use.

Built for Ceremony and Recording

This drum excels in recording studios and ceremonial spaces where maximum bass resonance is desired. The deep fundamental tone sits perfectly beneath vocal layers in sound healing recordings. If your practice involves shamanic journeying, Celtic rhythms, or Eastern modal music, the 22-inch Fiberskyn 3 gives you the sonic depth those traditions call for.

Practical Considerations for a 22-Inch Drum

The sheer size of this drum is its main limitation. Air travel is challenging, and you will need dedicated storage space. It is not the drum you toss in a bag for a casual jam session. But if you want the deepest possible frame drum tone without switching to natural hide, nothing else in this price range comes close.

6. Remo Renaissance 22 inch Frame Drum – Dark, Complex Tone

The Remo Renaissance 22 inch offers a distinctly different tonal character from the Fiberskyn lineup. The Renaissance head produces a darker, more complex tone with softer attack and enhanced low fundamentals. If you want the size and presence of a large frame drum but prefer a more mellow, textured voice, this is worth serious consideration.

At under 50 dollars for a 22-inch frame drum, the value proposition is hard to beat. The Acousticon shell construction provides durability and resonance similar to traditional wood shells. The thumb notch gives you a comfortable grip reference for upright playing technique.

I found the Renaissance head particularly rewarding for finger-technique playing. The slightly textured surface responds well to finger rolls, slaps, and ghost notes. The wide variety of tonal variations you can coax out of this drum keeps it interesting even as your technique advances.

The pre-tuned design means you never worry about tuning, but it also means you cannot adjust the pitch. Some users note the Formica reinforcing rings on the shell look less premium than solid wood construction. Outdoor players should be aware that the large surface area can catch wind during upright playing.

Who Benefits from the Renaissance Head

The Renaissance head sits between the brightness of Fiberskyn and the warmth of natural skin. Players who find Fiberskyn too bright and natural skin too unpredictable often land here. It is an excellent compromise for intermediate players developing their tonal palette.

Comparing to the Fiberskyn 22 Inch

Both are 22-inch Remo drums, but they sound noticeably different. The Renaissance offers darker overtones and a softer feel, while the Fiberskyn 3 delivers more brightness and projection. Choosing between them comes down to tonal preference rather than quality.

7. Meinl 14 inch Irish Bodhran – Tunable Celtic Powerhouse

The Meinl 14 inch Irish Bodhran is the first tunable drum in our lineup, and it brings a completely different playing experience. The extra-deep 6-inch hardwood shell produces a rich, full-bodied sound that traditional Celtic musicians will immediately recognize. After spending time with this drum, I appreciated how the tunable goat skin head lets you dial in the exact tension your playing style demands.

Meinl includes an Allen wrench for tuning, with convenient internal Velcro storage so the tool is always with the drum. The dampening ring inside the shell minimizes unwanted overtones, giving you a clean, rounded tone even during aggressive playing. The cross bar has been removed to allow direct hand pressure on the head for pitch-bending techniques.

With a 4.5-star rating from 158 reviews, users praise the warm, bold sound and the quality construction. The 2-year Meinl warranty provides confidence in the build. However, some users report receiving units with synthetic heads rather than the advertised goat skin, so inspect your drum upon arrival.

Built for Traditional Celtic Music

This bodhran is designed for Irish and Celtic folk music, where the tipper (a double-headed stick) creates driving rhythmic patterns. The deep shell and goat skin head produce the authentic sound that defines the genre. If you play in sessions or ceilidhs, this drum fits right in.

Tuning and Maintenance for Natural Skin

Natural goat skin responds to humidity and temperature, so you will need to adjust the tuning periodically. Use the Allen wrench to tighten or loosen the internal mechanism. In very dry conditions, a light mist of water on the head can restore proper tension. This maintenance routine is normal for natural skin drums and part of what gives them their living, breathing tone.

8. Meinl Sonic Energy 16 inch Shaman Drum – Designed for Meditation

The Meinl Sonic Energy 16 inch Shaman Drum is purpose-built for meditation, sound healing, and spiritual practice. The hand-selected goat skin rawhide head produces an earthy, grounding resonance that immediately sets a meditative atmosphere. The engraved Flower of Life symbol on the drum face adds a visual element that many practitioners find meaningful.

Weighing just 600 grams, this is one of the lightest 16-inch drums available. The Siam oak frame is durable yet comfortable to hold for extended sessions. The indented hand hold provides an ergonomic grip that reduces wrist fatigue during long playing periods. Meinl offers this drum in multiple spiritual designs including Triskele, Endless Knot, and Tree of Life.

The pre-tuned head means simplicity, which is what many meditation practitioners want. However, goat skin is sensitive to humidity and can develop mildew if stored in damp conditions. A few users reported quality control issues with drums arriving in less-than-ideal condition, so buy from a reputable seller.

Best for Sound Immersion and Yoga

This drum is not designed for fast rhythmic playing or professional performance. It is built for slow, deliberate strokes that create sustained tones for sound immersion. Yoga instructors, meditation guides, and shamanic practitioners will find it perfectly suited to their needs.

Choosing Your Symbol Design

The engraved design does not affect the sound, so choose the symbol that resonates with your practice. The Flower of Life is the most popular, but the Triskele and Tree of Life options offer equally beautiful aesthetics for those drawn to different traditions.

9. Meinl 16 inch Hand Drum Antique Brown – Natural Skin Warmth

The Meinl 16 inch Hand Drum in Antique Brown finish offers the warm, organic tone that only natural goat skin can produce. When I compared this drum side by side with synthetic-head models, the difference in tonal complexity was clear. The goat skin head produces rich overtones and a mellow attack that fills a room naturally.

The hardwood shell features an elegant antique brown gloss finish that looks far more expensive than the price suggests. The rounded rim ensures a firm, comfortable grip even during complex hand techniques. I found this drum responsive to finger rolls, slaps, and traditional rhythms across its full surface.

With a 4.1-star average from 105 reviews, this drum has solid ratings but with more variance than the top-rated Remo models. About 11 percent of reviews are 1-star, primarily citing quality control issues or humidity sensitivity. Buying from a seller with a good return policy is advisable.

Natural Skin Tone and Character

Goat skin heads produce a warmth and complexity that synthetic heads cannot fully replicate. Each skin has slight variations in thickness and texture, giving every drum a unique voice. This is part of the appeal for traditional musicians who value individuality in their instruments.

Managing Humidity Sensitivity

Natural skin expands in humid conditions and contracts in dry air, which affects pitch and tension. If you live in a climate with extreme humidity swings, you will need to manage your drum’s environment. A humidified room or a case with a humidity control packet can help maintain consistent tone.

10. DOBANI Tunable Goatskin Frame Drum 18 inch – Handcrafted Value

The DOBANI Tunable Goatskin Frame Drum in 18 inches offers something rare in this price range: a genuinely tunable natural skin drum with a handmade mulberry wood frame. The included leather beater means you can start playing immediately. When properly tuned, this drum produces thunderous bass tones or delicate stringlike sounds depending on your technique.

The mulberry wood frame gives this drum a rustic, authentic character that mass-produced drums lack. Each frame is handmade, which means natural variation in grain, color, and texture. For players who appreciate craftsmanship and individuality, this is part of the appeal.

The tunable mechanism lets you adjust the goatskin tension to suit your playing style and current weather conditions. This flexibility is something you do not get with pretuned drums. However, quality control is inconsistent, with some users reporting nails poking through the frame or missing tuning lugs on arrival.

Tuning Your Natural Skin Drum

Use the included tuning tool to adjust tension around the frame. Tighten for higher pitch and more snap, or loosen for deeper, more resonant tones. In humid weather, you may need to tighten more aggressively. In dry conditions, back off slightly to prevent the skin from cracking.

Is the Quality Risk Worth the Price?

At this price point, some quality variation is expected. If you receive a drum with defects, most sellers will exchange it. The payoff is a genuinely tunable, handmade instrument that sounds fantastic when you get a good one. For budget-conscious players willing to inspect their purchase, this is a compelling option.

11. DOBANI Frame Drum 16 inch Interior Tuning – Authentic and Versatile

The DOBANI Frame Drum 16 inch with Interior Tuning is a favorite among world music enthusiasts who want authentic natural skin tone with the convenience of adjustable tension. The interior tuning mechanism is cleverly designed, letting you adjust pitch without external hardware cluttering the frame. The included Allen wrench makes the process straightforward.

This drum produces a long-ringing, gorgeous tone that works beautifully for music, trance, ambience, and even medieval dance. The natural skin head has a living quality that responds dynamically to your touch. The rawhide cross backing on the frame provides a comfortable grip for extended playing.

With 59 reviews averaging 4.4 stars, users appreciate the rich, resonant tones and the accessible tuning system. The drum is versatile enough to move from meditative slow playing to energetic rhythmic patterns. Most reviewers agree it represents good value for the price.

The main trade-offs are the humidity sensitivity inherent to all natural skin drums and the basic quality of the included beater. Some users report the drum arriving with a loose head that needs initial stretching and tuning. Plan to spend some time getting the drum settled when it first arrives.

The Interior Tuning Advantage

Interior tuning keeps the exterior of the frame clean and uncluttered. This is particularly valuable if you use the drum in performance settings where aesthetics matter. The tuning mechanism is accessible through the back of the drum and operates smoothly with the included Allen wrench.

Breaking In a New Natural Skin Head

New natural skin drums need a break-in period. When your drum arrives, expect to tune it several times over the first few weeks as the skin settles. This is normal and part of developing a relationship with your instrument. Once broken in, the head stabilizes and requires less frequent adjustment.

12. GMP Traditional Frame Drum 15 inch – Handcrafted Authenticity

The GMP Traditional Frame Drum 15 inch brings handcrafted authenticity to our lineup. Made by Groove Masters Percussion, this drum features a natural goatskin head stretched over a hardwood octagonal frame. The octagonal shape is not just aesthetic; it adds unique resonance characteristics that distinguish this drum from round-frame models.

The included leather-wrapped mallet produces deep, rich sounds right out of the box. The sinew-secured grip on the back of the drum provides comfortable handling during extended playing. At just over a pound, it is light enough for beginners yet produces a tone substantial enough for performance settings.

With 99 reviews averaging 4.4 stars, users praise the authentic, warm tone and the versatile use across musical traditions. The drum works well in drum circles, classrooms, cultural gatherings, and therapeutic settings. Beginners find the design intuitive and easy to play.

The natural goatskin head requires attention to climate. Cold weather can make the head fragile, and humidity changes affect pitch. Some users apply a light mist of water and use sun or heat exposure to retune the skin. This traditional tuning method connects you to centuries of frame drum practice.

The Octagonal Frame Difference

The octagonal shape creates slightly different resonance patterns than a round frame. Some players find it produces a more complex, layered tone with interesting harmonic interactions. Others simply appreciate the unique visual character it brings. Either way, it is a distinctive feature that sets this drum apart.

Traditional Tuning with Water and Heat

Natural skin drums can be tuned using traditional methods. If the head feels too tight and the pitch is too high, a light mist of water will relax the skin. If it is too loose, brief exposure to sunlight or a heat source will tighten it. This is the way frame drums have been maintained for generations.

How to Choose a Frame Drum?

Choosing the best frame drum for your needs comes down to four key decisions: size, head type, tuning system, and playing style. Let me walk you through each factor so you can make an informed choice.

Frame Drum Sizes and Pitch Range

The diameter of a frame drum directly determines its fundamental pitch. Smaller drums produce higher tones, while larger drums deliver deeper bass. Here is a practical size-to-pitch guide based on expert recommendations from Cooperman Frame Drums and David Kuckhermann’s World Percussion:

8 to 10 inches: High-pitched, bright tone. Best for children, travel, apartment practice, and high-register accent sounds in ensemble playing.

12 to 13 inches: Mid-high pitch with clear, focused tone. The sweet spot for beginners who want a manageable drum with enough surface area for technique development.

14 to 16 inches: Mid-range pitch. This is the most versatile size range, balancing tonal depth with playability. The 16-inch Remo Fiberskyn is the most recommended starter drum by YouTube educators and Reddit communities.

18 to 22 inches: Bass range. These large drums produce deep, resonant tones ideal for sound healing, ceremony, lap-style playing, and recording. They require more physical effort to hold and play.

Natural Skin vs Synthetic Heads

This is the single most important decision you will make, and it affects everything about your playing experience.

Synthetic heads (Fiberskyn, Renaissance, Bahia Bass): Weather-resistant, pitch-stable, and maintenance-free. They sound the same in every climate and never need tuning. The trade-off is that some players find the tone less complex than natural skin. Synthetic heads are the best choice for beginners, gigging musicians, and anyone in a variable climate.

Natural skin heads (goatskin, calfskin, deerskin): Rich, complex tone with warmth and overtones that synthetic heads cannot fully replicate. Each skin is unique. The trade-off is humidity sensitivity and the need for periodic tuning. Natural skin is the choice for traditional players, purists, and those who want the most organic tone possible.

Tunable vs Pretuned

Pretuned drums arrive at a fixed tension and never need adjustment. They are simpler, more reliable, and less expensive. Choose pretuned if you want a grab-and-play instrument with zero maintenance.

Tunable drums feature an internal or external mechanism that lets you adjust head tension. This gives you tonal flexibility and the ability to compensate for climate changes. Choose tunable if you play natural skin drums, perform in varying conditions, or want precise control over your drum’s voice.

Playing Positions Explained

Upright playing: Hold the drum vertically with one hand and strike with the other. Best for 8 to 16-inch drums with thumb notches or cutouts for grip. This is the most common playing position for beginners.

Lap-style playing: Rest the drum horizontally on your lap or a stand. Best for 18-inch and larger drums with deeper frames. The weight of the drum rests on your legs, freeing both hands for complex technique.

Freehand playing: Hold the drum with one hand from beneath while playing with the other. This technique, popularized by Glen Velez, works best with lightweight drums that have grip cutouts on the frame.

Price Tiers and What to Expect

Under 30 dollars: Entry-level synthetic head drums like the Remo Fiberskyn 8-inch and 10-inch. Perfect for beginners, children, and casual players.

50 to 100 dollars: Mid-range drums with better heads, larger sizes, and natural skin options. The Remo Buffalo Drum Standard, Renaissance 22-inch, and DOBANI tunable drums live here. This is where most players find their ideal drum.

100 to 200 dollars: Premium and professional drums with advanced features, tunable systems, and superior craftsmanship. The Remo Buffalo Black Earth, Meinl Bodhran, and GMP Traditional belong in this tier.

Caring for Your Frame Drum

For synthetic head drums, basic care is simple. Wipe the head with a dry cloth after playing, store in a temperature-controlled environment, and avoid sharp objects that could puncture the head. No tuning or humidity management is needed.

For natural skin drums, care requires more attention. Store in a climate-controlled space away from direct heat sources and extreme humidity. Use a soft cloth to clean the head. If the skin becomes too loose in humid weather, use a hair dryer on low setting or brief sun exposure to tighten it. Never leave a natural skin drum in a hot car or unheated garage.

FAQs

Final Thoughts on the Best Frame Drums

After reviewing all 12 drums, a few clear patterns emerged. For beginners, the Remo Fiberskyn line remains the gold standard, with the 12-inch and 16-inch sizes earning the most recommendations from educators and community players alike. The synthetic Fiberskyn head eliminates tuning anxiety and climate sensitivity, letting you focus on developing technique.

For those drawn to sound healing and ceremonial use, the Remo Buffalo Drum Black Earth 16 inch stands apart with its unmatched bass depth and 4.9-star rating. And for players ready to explore the world of natural skin and tunable drums, the Meinl Irish Bodhran and DOBANI tunable models offer authentic, traditional voices at reasonable prices.

The best frame drums are the ones that feel right in your hands and sound right to your ears. Whether you choose a 20-dollar starter drum or a 170-dollar professional bodhran, the most important thing is to start playing. Every one of the 12 drums on this list has earned its place through real-world performance and thousands of satisfied players.